The endocrine system consists of hormone-producing glands as well as receptors that enable organs and
tissues throughout the body to respond to these hormones. The endocrine system helps regulate important
bodily functions, including growth and development, metabolism, and reproduction.
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the body’s endocrine system by disrupting hormone
balance in the body and mimicking the effects of certain hormones. Normally, hormones bind to receptors
in the body in order to elicit an appropriate response. When harmful endocrine-disrupting chemicals bind to
hormone receptors instead, it can be harmful to organ systems and allow disease processes to ensue.
Endocrine disruptors can be found in everyday products such as plastic containers and bottles, metal food
cans linings, cleaning products, personal care products, flame retardants, toys, food, and pesticides. Some
endocrine-disrupting chemicals break down gradually and remain hazardous to health over time as a result.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals can enter the body through the skin (e.g., after applying certain deodorants),
orally by consuming contaminated foods or drinking contaminated water, and through inhalation (e.g.,
perfumes, tobacco smoke).
Endocrine disruptors can have negative health implications on many body functions, including
development, reproduction, immune function, and brain function. The following health effects or conditions
may be associated with exposure to endocrine disruptors based on animal, in vitro, and in vivo studies:
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Certain types of cancer
• Impaired growth and development
• Infertility
• Metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes)
Bisphenol A
A chemical used to produce hard plastic such as a polycarbonate.
Possible sources:
Dioxins
Chemicals that have chlorine atoms as part of their structure, are commonly emitted during fuel-burning processes, and can be found in food, water, soil, and air.
Possible sources:
Fragrances
Chemicals that emit volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), such as limonene.
Possible sources:
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs)
A class of chemicals that contribute
to greenhouse gas emissions.
Possible sources:
Parabens
Chemicals that are used as preservatives.
Possible sources:
Phthalates
A group of chemicals used to make plastics flexible.
Possible sources:
Triclosan
A chemical with antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Possible sources:
Xenoestrogens
Chemicals that may mimic estrogen in the body and interfere with the hormone’s intended actions.
Possible sources:
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